Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Atom RSS Feed Heterogeneous catalysis Definition Heterogeneous catalysis is a type of catalysis in which the catalyst occupies a different phase from the reactants and products.
Latest Research and Reviews Research 11 November Open Access Photo-fluorination of nanodiamonds catalyzing oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of ethylbenzene Styrene is one of the most important industrial monomers and is traditionally synthesized via the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene.
Nature Communications 12 , Research 10 November Open Access In situ formation of ZnO x species for efficient propane dehydrogenation Propene is obtained through propane dehydrogenation using catalysts that are toxic, expensive or demanding to regenerate with ecologically harmful compounds, but the ZnO-based alternative reported here is cheap, clean and scalable. Nature , Research 03 November Open Access The interactive role of methane beyond a reactant in crude oil upgrading Crude oil upgrading under a methane environment can lead to improved oil quality as well as catalyst stability, but the role of methane in the reaction remains poorly understood.
Communications Chemistry 4 , Research 01 November Double-atom catalysts as a molecular platform for heterogeneous oxygen evolution electrocatalysis Oxygen evolution reaction OER catalysts often comprise multiple metal ions in various configurations, hampering mechanistic understanding of how catalysis proceeds. Nature Energy , Research 26 October Open Access Tuning the selectivity of catalytic nitriles hydrogenation by structure regulation in atomically dispersed Pd catalysts The selective hydrogenation of nitriles to prepare corresponding amines is highly desired in chemistry industry.
Research 21 October Open Access Stroboscopic operando spectroscopy of the dynamics in heterogeneous catalysis by event-averaging To follow in situ and in real time how catalyst surfaces respond to gas composition changes is a challenge. Nature Catalysis 4 , Search Search articles by subject, keyword or author. Show results from All journals. Another is the Pt catalyst used to reform hydrocarbon chains into aromatic ring structures. This improves the octane rating of gasoline, making it more suitable for use in automobile engines.
Other industries also make effective use of catalysts. SO 2 , obtained by burning sulfur or even from burning coal , can be oxidized to SO 3 over vanadium pentoxide, V 2 O 5. This is an important step in manufacturing H 2 SO 4. Another important heterogeneous catalyst is used in the Haber process for synthesis of NH 3 from N 2 and H 2. As with most industrial catalysts, its exact composition is a trade secret, but it is mainly Fe with small amounts of Al 2 O 3 and K 2 O added. Enzymes are obtained from animal tissues, plants and microbes yeast, bacteria or fungi.
High selectivity, high efficiency, eco-friendliness and mild reaction conditions are the driving forces for their large scale utilization and making biocatalysts an alternative to conventional industrial catalysts.
Significant progress in the field of protein engineering and molecular evolution has revolutionized the world of biocatalysis for the industrial scale syntheses of fine chemicals, active ingredients APIs biofuels e.
Immobilization of enzymes on solid supports turns enzymes into heterogeneous solid catalyst which enhances the activity, stability and increase the lifetime of catalyst that can be reused for many cycles.
In the recent years, significant development and advancement have been made in the field of catalysis. With the ever increasing demand of non-renewable natural resources, clean air, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, catalysts will remain at the forefront of chemical research and development.
Catalysts have enabled us to synthesize complex molecules in fewer steps, and also have been successfully utilized in refineries to produce low Sulphur fuel. Catalysts have also been instrumental in the reduction in emission of CO, NOx, unburned hydrocarbons from the vehicles that operate on the combustion of petrol, diesel and jet fuel.
Still, there are many issues associated with the widely used catalytic systems, including the cost, availability, toxicity of many of the precious metals used as catalysts and the need of expensive and complex ligands to achieve the desired transformations. Scientists and Chemists focus on the designing of catalysts with high selectivity, reactivity, stability, low catalyst loading with a high turnover number.
Recent developments in nanotechnology provide new opportunities for design and synthesis of nanostructured catalysts with high surface area and exposed active sites, which ultimately leads to high catalytic activity. The concept of combining organocatalysts and transition metal catalysts has recently gained attention for its use in organic synthesis, where the metal portion provides high activity and the organocatalyst portion provides high selectivity.
Although, a variety of organic transformations have been successfully accomplished by using metallorganocatalysis which were not achievable with either type of catalyst alone. Plenty of room still remains unveiled, which spans from the delicate designing and combination of primary building units and finally to demonstrate their application in different fields of catalysis.
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