With China, some local scholars have favoured the view for independent local discovery of tin bronze, although it the balance of evidence suggests that the knowledge was transmitted by horseriding visitors from West Asia. Tin was also mined in precolonial times in Southern Africa, and some bronze artefacts — such as pieces of metal sheet or ingots — have been recovered at old metalworking sites there.
The available evidence for this region suggests the technology for producing and working iron, copper and bronze appeared contemporaneously at locations in sub-Saharan Africa, beginning about BCE in the north and reaching South Africa in about CE.
How did the metallurgical knowledge get to Southern Africa? Was it an indigenous discovery of the Bantu of East Africa that was then carried with them on their migrations, or was the skill transmitted southwards from the Middle East, and if so by who and how?
As in the case of Asia, interpretation of these issues can be coloured by modern political sensibilities. The question of the source of the metalworking skills that produced the beautiful copper and gold ornaments of the ancient city of Mapungubwe in South Africa, for example, has still not been settled.
The ancient cultures of the Americas also developed sophisticated skills for processing precious metals, copper and tin.
They were able to manufacture bronze artefacts such as rings, pendants, body ornaments, ornamental tweezers, sheet metal breastplates, large discs, ornamental shields and especially bells, by casting, albeit only from about CE in South America and then soon afterwards in western Mexico.
In the case of Mesoamerica, the knowledge of bronze was believed to have been carried north from Peru and Ecuador to Mexico by maritime traders. Clearly, the ancient world, both Old and New, was well connected by lengthy trade routes along which ideas and in many cases tin flowed. The transmission of the technology can also be followed by paying attention to specific aspects of the physical metallurgy involved.
Somebody, somewhere, made the remarkable discovery that if such a casting is rapidly quenched from red heat into water or better, brine , it becomes softer and relatively more ductile and workable. The quenching heat treatment leaves a very characteristic needle-like microstructure known as martensite in the artefact that can be detected by a microscope. This tells an archaeologist that the part has been manufactured by a comparatively complex process, rather than merely cast.
The result obtained when heat-treating a high-tin bronze is counterintuitive because, when iron is treated this way, it becomes hard and brittle. It was mostly used in bearings, and greatly aided the development of high-speed machinery and transportation. Tin coating on thinly rolled sheet steel provides resistance to corrosion. A polymer coating is sometimes added on the inside surface, to prevent chemical action and the possible transfer of taint between metal and product.
In , an English company, Pilkington, transformed the glassmaking industry with the introduction of the float glass method for the continuous production of sheet glass. Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal typically tin, although lead and various low melting point alloys were used in the past. This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and very flat surfaces. Significant quantities are also produced from smelters in Malaysia and Thailand.
Alongside all its practical advantages, tin has wonderful aesthetic appeal, too. Many different types of company are now incorporating tin into their packaging, marketing and branding.
Tinplate Products works closely with clients who want to express their reliability and creativity through a tried and tested medium. With many consumers turning to the likes of Amazon and High Street brands online stores, packaging has become the face Tinplate is pleased to present our brand new factory in Southwick. This family-run business has grown into one of the Tin design trends can inform much of your daily life.
Think of classic examples like the Coca Cola bottle, the Portfolio Case Studies Testimonials. Tin- the bigger picture At Tinplate, we like to see ourselves as the latest chapter in a long and exciting history! But here are the main areas where tin comes into its own…: Soldering Tin can be used for soldering — connecting two pieces of different metal together.
Tinplate Tin coating provides essential rusting protection, which is why it works well for preserving food. Chemicals Tin chemicals are also used in a huge number of everyday applications, most commonly as organic tin chemicals in PVC for construction products such as doors and windows.
Brass and bronze The use of tin as a plating material dates to the time of the Roman Empire, when copper vessels were coated with tin to keep them looking bright. Float glass Float glass is what we find in modern windows, and its uniform flatness is made possible by a process that relies on tin.
Here are some key dates: B. Below is one of their masterpieces: B. You can find out more about the discovery here: Bronze Age shipwreck found off Devon coast Tinplate has been commercially made in the UK since the late s, originally by dipping sheets of wrought iron, and later steel, into baths of molten tin. Tinplate Products and contemporary tin Alongside all its practical advantages, tin has wonderful aesthetic appeal, too. Recently, a tin-niobium alloy that is superconductive at very low temperatures has attracted interest.
The more important tin compound is the tin dioxide SnO 2 , used in electric resistors and dielectrics, and the tin monoxide that it is used in the production of tin salts for electroplating and as chemical reagents.
The tin compounds that contain lead, barium, calcium and copper are indispensable in the production of electric capacitors.
The tin fluoride is used as addictive in toothpastes. Brief Timeline. The natives of Iran made articles from bronze, which is an alloy of tin and copper. The earliest uses of tin were in Turkey. It was first mined and refined in Turkey. When tin undergoes mining, it becomes a silvery metal that is used for the resistance to corrosion.
The Sumerians had recognized that if different ores were blended together in the smelting process different type of copper would flow easily. Copper implements contained very little tin as local reserves of tin had been exhausted.
The first tin artefacts. Elements such as gold, silver, tin, copper, lead and mercury have been known since antiquity.
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