Conventional coating, which is sprayed on, is used for steel buildings, especially in areas hidden from view such as steel beams inside a roof or wall. Spray-applied fireproofing is the ideal way to protect steel beams and load bearing steel walls in structures. This is a passive form of fireproofing that is used to help prevent failure of steel structures that are exposed to heat and flame. Gypsum wallboard, meanwhile, can be installed over cold-formed steel framing or furring and comes in a few different varieties.
Type X wallboards have specially formulated cores that provide greater fire resistance than regular wallboard of the same thickness.
In addition, many manufacturers produce proprietary wallboards that are even more resistant to fire. It is important to verify that the wallboard used in construction is the one specified in the final design. In addition, special types and spacing of fasteners and furring channels may be required. Spray-applied, fire-resistant materials SFRMs expand and insulate structural steel to prevent failure that can result from rapidly rising temperatures.
SFRMs are typically used if steel is hidden from view, such as above a room's ceiling or behind its drywall. These materials are proprietary, so it's particularly important to mix and apply each product according to the manufacturers' instructions. UL publishes fire-resistant designs with different types and thicknesses of material. Be sure to remove dirt, oil, and loose scale before applying these materials, as defects like these can affect adhesion.
Light corrosion is fine and will not have an adverse effect on adhesion. Steel will likely arrive at your construction site after being primed by the fabricator. Be sure to use a fireproofing material that is approved for application over a primer to ensure a good bond between the sprayed material and the primed steel member.
A number of materials are approved for this application. In addition, research has shown that it is not necessary to paint structural steel when it is protected, such as with spray-applied fire protection materials, or fully enclosed between the inside and outside walls of a building. Suspended ceiling systems protect floors, beams, and girders. UL publishes fire resistance ratings for each of the proprietary systems that are available. When planning to use a suspended ceiling system, remember to carefully protect openings for light fixtures, air diffusers, and similar accessories.
The manufacturer will provide specific instructions to facilitate that protection as well as the integration of ceiling tile, grid, and suspension systems. Intumescent coatings are becoming increasingly popular for achieving a fire rating on exposed structural steel.
Intumescent fireproofing are thin film coatings designed for exposed applications where appearance is of primary importance. This fireproofing comes in solvent- and water-based formulations and provides up to a three-hour rating on beams and columns. These coatings can be used for interior and exterior fireproofing applications, providing the owner and architect with an aesthetically pleasing way to fireproof structural steel.
The product can be top-coated with a tinted coating to match almost any desired color. Made from a mixture of cement or gypsum, plus other materials like sand that act as an aggregate, cementitious fireproofing products offer strength and durability reminiscent of concrete while being light enough to spray into place. Installed in several layers, cementitious fireproofing provides an extremely heat-resistant coating to beams, columns and other structural steel elements.
While it is very strong, cementitious fireproofing can crack with expansion and contraction, similar to concrete, plus it is porous and the space between the coating and the steel structure can provide a place for moisture to collect. This makes cementitious fireproofing best for use in indoor spaces, where moisture will be less of an issue. For moisture-prone areas, intumescent coatings may be the better choice.
The sleek, strong look of steel complements a structure while also serving as a durable shell on fireproofed columns fabricated by Black Rock Fireproof Column.
The composition of each structural column includes structural steel surrounded by concrete, which is then wrapped in a proprietary insulating layer of vermiculite fireproofing protected by an exterior steel shell. Fireproofing materials like sprayed fire-resistive material SFRM and intumescent coatings are supposed to make your job easier, but in most cases, they only make completing the project more challenging.
Whether you hire someone to come on site and fireproof your structure support or you have someone on your construction team do the dirty work, you put everyone at risk of the dangers and other drawbacks of fireproofing materials.
Fireproofing methods that incorporate fireproof paint or SFRM can be health hazards to not only the people performing the tasks but to everyone else on your team, as well. In order to activate the paint, the chemical mixture must be exposed to extreme heat. This releases vapors which then turn into the foam more commonly referred to as fireproof paint. Manufacturers of SFRM include the basic ingredients, like gypsum, carbon black, and cement, in their fireproofing sprays. Another drawback of fireproofing steel support beams and steel structural columns on site is the production delay.
Whether you choose to have your team do it themselves or you bring in a fireproofing specialist, your team is forced to maneuver around the person performing the task.
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